What is the main purpose of equalization while diving?

Equalization is a critical practice for divers, primarily aimed at preventing discomfort and potential injury caused by pressure changes as a diver descends or ascends underwater. As a diver descends, the pressure surrounding them increases, which can lead to discomfort in areas of the body that are air-filled, such as the middle ear. If equalization is not performed, the pressure difference can lead to a condition known as barotrauma, which may cause pain and damage to the inner ear structures.

By equalizing, divers can equalize the pressure inside their ears with the external water pressure, avoiding pain and ensuring their ears function properly during the dive. This process typically involves techniques such as the Valsalva maneuver or the Toynbee maneuver, which help to open the Eustachian tubes and allow air to enter the middle ear, balancing the pressure.

While there are other important aspects of diving, such as managing buoyancy, regulating breathing, and ensuring visibility, these factors are secondary to the necessity of equalization for ear health and overall safety while diving.