What effect does refraction have on the perception of underwater objects?

Refraction occurs when light travels from one medium to another, such as from air to water, causing it to change direction. This bending of light alters the way we perceive objects underwater. As a result, underwater objects appear larger and closer than they actually are. This phenomenon occurs because our brains are accustomed to interpreting the light paths based on the assumption that light travels in a straight line through the air, which is not the case when it enters water.

The perception of underwater objects being larger and closer can significantly impact divers and underwater enthusiasts as they navigate and interact with their environment. Recognizing this effect is crucial for maintaining spatial awareness and accurately judging distances while diving. Understanding refraction helps divers avoid potential hazards and enhances their overall underwater experience.