What are the most common methods of equalization?

The most common methods of equalization used by divers to prevent discomfort and potential injury due to pressure changes are the Valsalva maneuver and the Frenzel maneuver.

The Valsalva maneuver involves pinching the nose and gently exhaling against the closed nostrils, which forces air into the Eustachian tubes and helps equalize the pressure in the middle ear with the ambient water pressure. This is widely taught and utilized due to its simplicity and effectiveness, especially for beginner divers.

On the other hand, the Frenzel maneuver is a more advanced technique that involves closing the throat and using the tongue to push air into the Eustachian tubes without needing to exhale forcefully like in the Valsalva. This method is often preferred by experienced divers as it can provide a more controlled and effective equalization at greater depths, where pressure changes are more pronounced.

Understanding these two methods is crucial for divers because improper equalization can lead to barotrauma in the ears, which can cause significant pain and injury. Therefore, recognizing and perfecting these techniques is an essential part of safe diving practices.